船舶分類方法很多，可按用途、航行狀態、船體數目、推進動力、推進器等分類。
按用途(tu)，船(chuan)舶(bo)一般分(fen)為(wei)軍用和民(min)用船(chuan)舶(bo)兩大類。軍用船(chuan)舶(bo)通(tong)常稱為(wei)艦(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)或軍艦(jian)(jian)，其中有直接作(zuo)戰能力(li)或海(hai)域防(fang)護(hu)能力(li)者稱為(wei)戰斗(dou)艦(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)，如航(hang)空母艦(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)、護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)、導彈(dan)艇(ting)(ting)和潛艇(ting)(ting)，以及布雷、掃雷艦(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)等，擔負后勤保障者稱為(wei)軍用輔助(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)。民(min)用船(chuan)舶(bo)一般又(you)分(fen)為(wei)運輸船(chuan)、工程船(chuan)、漁船(chuan)、港務(wu)船(chuan)等。
按船(chuan)舶的航行(xing)狀態通(tong)常可分為排水型船(chuan)舶、滑(hua)行(xing)艇、水翼艇和(he)氣墊船(chuan)；
按船舶的(de)船體(ti)數目(mu)可分為(wei)單體(ti)船和(he)多體(ti)船，在多體(ti)船型中(zhong)雙體(ti)船較為(wei)多見；
按推(tui)進動(dong)力可分為機(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)船(chuan)(chuan)和非(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)船(chuan)(chuan) ，機(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)船(chuan)(chuan)按推(tui)進主機(ji)(ji)(ji)的類型又分為蒸汽機(ji)(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)(現(xian)已淘汰)、汽輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)、柴油(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)、燃(ran)氣輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)、聯合動(dong)力裝置船(chuan)(chuan)、電力推(tui)進船(chuan)(chuan)、核(he)動(dong)力船(chuan)(chuan)等；
按船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶推進(jin)器(qi)又可分為螺旋(xuan)槳船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、噴(pen)(pen)水(shui)(shui)推進(jin)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、噴(pen)(pen)氣推進(jin)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、明輪船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、平旋(xuan)輪船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等(deng) ，空氣螺旋(xuan)槳只用于(yu)少數氣墊船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)；按機(ji)艙的位置，有(you)尾(wei)(wei)機(ji)型(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(機(ji)艙在船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的尾(wei)(wei)部)，中機(ji)型(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)和中尾(wei)(wei)機(ji)型(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)；按船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體結(jie)構(gou)材料，有(you)鋼(gang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、鋁合金(jin)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、木(mu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、鋼(gang)絲網水(shui)(shui)泥船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、玻璃鋼(gang)艇、橡皮艇、混(hun)合結(jie)構(gou)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等(deng)。
|
