勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)是一(yi)種確(que)立(li)身份關系(xi)(xi)的(de)協議，西方(fang)(fang)國家稱之為(wei)(wei)雇主與雇員之間(jian)確(que)立(li)雇傭(yong)關系(xi)(xi)的(de)契約。在(zai)我國對勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)有廣(guang)義(yi)和(he)狹(xia)義(yi)的(de)理解(jie)。廣(guang)義(yi)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)是單位與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者確(que)立(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系(xi)(xi)的(de)協議。這里(li)所稱的(de)單位包括企業、事業單位、社會(hui)(hui)團(tuan)體等社會(hui)(hui)組織。狹(xia)義(yi)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)僅指目前適用于企業的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。聘(pin)用合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)具有廣(guang)義(yi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)法(fa)律特(te)征，是廣(guang)義(yi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)一(yi)種特(te)殊形(xing)式，主要表現為(wei)(wei)以(yi)下方(fang)(fang)面： 1、聘用(yong)(yong)合(he)(he)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)當事(shi)人(ren)(ren)必須是(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)，另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)當事(shi)人(ren)(ren)是(shi)受聘人(ren)(ren)員。這一(yi)(yi)特征是(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)法律關系的(de)重要特征。用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)占有或者(zhe)(zhe)使用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)生(sheng)產資料，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)聘用(yong)(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)，才能(neng)(neng)完成生(sheng)產、工作任(ren)務，創造經濟效益和社(she)會效益。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)訂立合(he)(he)同(tong)，提供一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)，從而(er)獲取勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)報酬。因此，聘用(yong)(yong)合(he)(he)同(tong)雙(shuang)方(fang)當事(shi)人(ren)(ren)既不(bu)能(neng)(neng)都(dou)是(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)，亦不(bu)能(neng)(neng)都(dou)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)。 2.聘用(yong)(yong)(yong)合(he)同雙方當事人(ren)(ren)(ren)具有(you)身份上的(de)(de)隸屬關系(xi)。聘用(yong)(yong)(yong)合(he)同訂立(li)后，作(zuo)為勞動(dong)者一方通過(guo)簽訂聘用(yong)(yong)(yong)合(he)同協(xie)議(yi)，成為該(gai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單位的(de)(de)一名職工，承擔(dan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單位按合(he)同規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)權(quan)利義務，并按照國家有(you)關規(gui)(gui)定(ding)享受相應的(de)(de)保險福利待遇 3、聘(pin)用(yong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)是要(yao)(yao)(yao)式(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)式(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)是指合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)必(bi)須(xu)采(cai)用(yong)特定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)，一般指必(bi)須(xu)采(cai)用(yong)書面(mian)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)。區分要(yao)(yao)(yao)式(shi)(shi)與不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)式(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)法律意義在于，屬于要(yao)(yao)(yao)式(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)，必(bi)須(xu)采(cai)用(yong)書面(mian)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)，不(bu)具備這一形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)件，合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)就不(bu)能(neng)成立和(he)生效。勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)屬于要(yao)(yao)(yao)式(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，聘(pin)用(yong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)是確(que)立用(yong)人單位和(he)受聘(pin)人員聘(pin)用(yong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)協議，國家規(gui)定(ding)(ding)必(bi)須(xu)采(cai)用(yong)書面(mian)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)訂(ding)立。因(yin)此，聘(pin)用(yong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)未以書面(mian)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)確(que)立的(de)(de)，聘(pin)用(yong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)不(bu)能(neng)成立。 4、聘(pin)用合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)是(shi)諾(nuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)。根(gen)據合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)是(shi)否以(yi)交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu)標(biao)的(de)(de)物為(wei)必要(yao)條件，可分為(wei)諾(nuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)和實踐合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)。諾(nuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)指當事(shi)人(ren)雙(shuang)方意(yi)思表(biao)示一致合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)即可成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)的(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)，其不以(yi)標(biao)的(de)(de)物的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu)為(wei)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)的(de)(de)要(yao)件；實踐合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)是(shi)指除當事(shi)人(ren)雙(shuang)方意(yi)思表(biao)示一致以(yi)外，還需要(yao)交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu)一定的(de)(de)標(biao)的(de)(de)物合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)才能成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)。聘(pin)用合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)與(yu)勞動合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)均屬于諾(nuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)，合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)不以(yi)交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu)標(biao)的(de)(de)物為(wei)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)的(de)(de)要(yao)件。 |
